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Vladislav V. Gruzdev
Azov Maritime Institute (Mariupol branch of Sevastopol University), Kostroma State University, Kostroma, Donbass University of Justice
Alexander I. Levchenkov
Lugansk branch of Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Maria L. Gruzdeva
Marshal of the Soviet Union Timoshenko Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defence
Historical types of state and law. Part 1. Classification issues
Gruzdev V.V., Levchenkov A.I., Gruzdeva M.L. Historical types of state and law. Part 1. Classification issues. Vestnik of Kostroma State University, 2026, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 74–78. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2026-32-2-74-78
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2026-32-2-74-78
EDN: JZUGVV
Publish date: 2026-04-15
Annotation: This article addresses and examines one of the most complex issues in state-legal and historical-legal science: political and historical types of state, their classification, and its criteria. An attempt is made to determine the historical type of state in which we live today, where we aspire, and what kind of state can be considered the state of the future. To achieve this goal, various well-known types of states were analysed: welfare, democratic, social democratic, liberal democratic, legal, socially oriented, «real state,» and others. The historical type of state to which they belong is determined.
Keywords: historical type of state, classification, capitalism, socialism, future state, politics, law, society, legal regulation, moral state, modernisation.
Literature list: Bukharin N.I. Etiudy: sbornik dokladov i statei o razlichnykh storonakh kulʹtury [Etudes: A Collection of Papers and Articles on Various Aspects of Culture]. Moscow; Leningrad, Gos. tekhniko-teoretich. izd-vo Publ, 1932, 352 p. (In Russ.) Giddens E. Ustroistvo obshchestva: Ocherki teorii strukturat͡sii [The Structure of Society: Essays on the Theory of Structuration], 2nd ed. Moscow, Akademicheskiĭ Proekt Publ., 2005, 528 p. (In Russ.) Inozemt͡sev V.L. K teorii postėkonomicheskoi obshchestvennoi format͡sii [Toward a Theory of Post-Economic Social Formation]. Moscow, Taurus Publ., 1995, 330 p. (In Russ.) Levchenkov A.I., Gruzdev V.V., Glazkov V.A. Postsovetskoe pravo i gosudarstvo: monografiia [Post-Soviet Law and State: A Monograph]. Kostroma, KGU Publ.; Lugansk, LAVD Publ., 2022, 840 p. (In Russ.) Obshchaia teoriia gosudarstva i prava. Akademicheskii kurs. V 2 t. T. 1. Teoriia gosudarstva [General Theory of State and Law. Academic Course. In 2 vols. Vol. 1. Theory of the State]. Moscow, Izdatelʹstvo «Zert͡salo» Publ., 1998, 408 p. (In Russ.) Tisunova V.N., Reznik A.A., Gubareva A.O. Sotcialʹnaia nestabilʹnostʹ kak globalʹnyi vyzov ekonomicheskoi bezopasnosti v sovremennoi Rossii [Social Instability as a Global Challenge to Economic Security in Modern Russia]. Problemy sovremennoĭ ėkonomiki [Problems of Contemporary Economy], 2026, no. 1 (97), pp. 45–51. (In Russ.) Faulz D. Aristos [Aristos], translated from English by N. Rogovskaya. St. Petersburg, Symposium (GPP Pech. Dvor) Publ., 2003, 284 p. (In Russ.) Fukuiama F. Konet͡s istorii i poslednii chelovek [The End of History and the Last Man], translated from English by M.B. Levin. Moscow, AST Publ., 2007, 588 p. (In Russ.) Khropaniuk V.N. Teoriia gosudarstva i prava [Theory of State and Law], edited by V.G. Strekozov. 2nd ed., suppl., corrected. Moscow, DTD Publ., 1995, 377 p. (In Russ.) Ėrn V.F. Sochineniia [Essays], comp., prepared. text by N.V. Kotreleva, E.V. Antonova. Moscow, Pravda Publ., 1991, 575 p. (In Russ.)
Author's info: Vladislav V. Gruzdev, DSc in Jurisprudence, Professor, Director of the subsidiary, Azov Maritime Institute (Mariupol branch of Sevastopol University), Mariupol; Kostroma State University, Kostroma, Russia; Donbass University of Justice, Donetsk, vgruzdev@ kosgos.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-8399
Co-author's info: Alexander I. Levchenkov, DSc in Jurisprudence, Professor, Lugansk branch of Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Lugansk, kolundaev94@mail.ru
Co-author's info: Maria L. Gruzdeva, DSc in Jurisprudence, Associate Professor, Marshal of the Soviet Union Timoshenko Military Academy of Radiation, Chemical and Biological Defence, Kostroma, Russia, maria.gruz2020@yandex.ru, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-3347