  okolotin-vs-velibekov-esh-vestnik-2025-4.pdf |
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- Production of Ammunition at Factories No. 260 and 521 in the Pre-War Period and During the Great Patriotic War (1939–1943)
- Okolotin V.S., Velibekov E.Sh. Production of Ammunition at Factories No. 260 and 521 in the Pre-War Period and During the Great Patriotic War (1939–1943). Vestnik of Kostroma State University, 2025, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 63–71. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2025-31-4-63-71
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2025-31-4-63-71
- УДК: 632:94
- EDN: UJLNNG
- Publish date: 2025-09-13
- Annotation: This article examines the formation and development of Defence Plant No. 260 in Vladimir, then Ivanovo Region, in the pre-war years and during the USSR participation in World War II. The chronological scope of the study covers the years 1939-1943. The construction of the plant was carried out in accordance with the Third Five-Year Plan, which aimed to complete the construction and launch of the plant by 1942. The main product of this enterprise was to be ammunition and fuses. However, their production began in 1940, and by the very Axis aggression, Plant No. 260 had become an active enterprise within the People’s Commissariat of Ammunition of the USSR. In the autumn of 1941, a significant portion of its equipment, along with its material reserves and skilled workers, was evacuated to the Urals, where the plant resumed its operations under the challenging conditions of wartime. At the same time, in the winter of 1942, the restoration of the enterprise, which would later become known as Plant No. 521, had begun in Vladimir on the basis of the former production complex. The establishment of a special design bureau in Leningrad, which developed electric fuses for bombs and shells, played a significant role in the plant’s production specialisation. As a result of extensive efforts to organise the operations of Plant No. 521, by the end of 1942, it had surpassed its production targets. In 1943, by the decree of the State Defence Committee, together with another Vladimir-based plant, Auto Appliances, it was assigned the task of producing fuses for anti-tank shaped-charge aerial bombs. To fulfil this task, new production facilities were built at both plants, and existing facilities were expanded. As a result, Plant No. 521 became one of the leading enterprises in the system of the People’s Commissariat of Ammunition, making a significant contribution to defeating Germany.
- Keywords: Ivanovo Region, Vladimir, Third Five-Year Plan, construction of defence factories, Factory No. 260, World War II East Front, production of fuses, evacuation, partial re-evacuation, Factory No. 521, labour achievements, State Defence Committee of USSR, resolutions, production cooperation, anti-tank shaped-charge aerial bombs.
- Literature list: «Avtopriboru» – 50: Ocherki istorii zavoda. 1932–1982 gg. [“Attract” – 50. Essays of the history of the plant. 1932-1982]. Vladimirskij zavod «Avtopribor» [Vladimir plant “Avtopribor”]. Yaroslavl', Verh.-Volzh. kn. izd-vo, 1982, 199 р. (In Russ). Eliseev V.K. Tradicii vysokoj tochnosti. FGUP VPO «Tochmash». 1933–2003: sb. st. [Traditions of High Precision. FSUE VPO Tochmash. 1933–2003: collection of articles]. Vladimir, Foliant Publ., 2003, 448 p. (In Russ.) Kajrod T.Ya. «Tochmash». Vklad v Pobedu [«Tochmash». Contribution to Victory]. Vladimir, Tranzit-Iks Publ., 2005, 96 p. (In Russ.) Okolotin V.S. Proizvodstvo specprodukcii na Ivanovskom mebel'nom kombinate (zavod № 43) v gody Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny [Production of special products at the Ivanovo Furniture Factory (Plant No. 43) during the Great Patriotic War]. Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Vestnik of Kostroma State University], 2020, no. 2, pp. 83–87. (In Russ.) Okolotin V.S. Stroitel'stvo novyh cekhov na oboronnyh zavodah Ivanovskoj oblasti v 1943 g. [Construction of new workshops at defense plants in the Ivanovo region in 1943]. Vestnik Kostromskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Vestnik of Kostroma State University], 2022, no. 2, pp. 56–62. (In Russ.) Velikaya Otechestvennaya vojna 1941–1945 gg.: v 12 t. [The Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945]. T. 7. Ekonomika i oruzhie vojny [Economics and weapons of war]. Moscow, Kuchkovo pole Publ., 2013, 864 p. (In Russ.) Vladimirskij kraj v gody Velikoj Otechestvennoj vojny. 1941–1945: sb. arhiv. dokumentov k 75-letiyu Velikoj Pobedy [Vladimir Region During the Great Patriotic War. 1941–1945: A Collection of Archival Documents for the 75th Anniversary of the Great Victory], ed. by N.D. Maksimova; comp. by T.A. Lashmanova et. al. Vladimir, 2020, 504 p. (In Russ.)